简单句：什么+怎么样

简单句(simple sentences)

句子成分(Clause Elements)

什么(主语subject)+怎么样(谓语predicate)

  1. 主语
  2. 谓语动词
  3. 宾语
  4. 宾语补语
  5. 主语补语
  6. 定语：The little white rabbit ate a large carrot
  7. 状语：The rabbit ate quickly
  8. 同位语：Papa Rabbit, an English teacher, eats carrots.

动词(verbs)

  1. 可以独立完成的动作：主语+不及物动词

    Papa Rabbit sleeps：兔老爹睡觉

  2. 有1个动作的承受着：主语+单及物动词+宾语

    Papa Rabbit likes you

  3. 有2个动作承受者：主语+双及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

    Papa Rabbit teaches you English.

  4. 只有1个动作承受者(但需补充)：主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+(宾语)补语

    Papa Rabbit considers you smart

  5. 非"动作"：主语+(联)系动词+(主语)补语/表语

    Papa Rabbit is tall == Papa Rabbit <- tall

    Papa Rabbit is in the room

    Papa Rabbit looks tall

    Papa Rabbit smells nice

复合句(compound sentence) & 复杂句(complex sentence)

复合句

并列

句子简单地叠加

复杂句（俄罗斯套娃）

主从

简单句作：

  1. 名词性从句
    1. 主语：主语从句
    2. 宾语：宾语从句
    3. 表语：表语从句
    4. 同位语：同位语从句
  2. 定语：定语从句
  3. 状语：状语从句

词性

  1. 名词(Nouns): Papa Rabbit is a rabbit
  2. 动词(verbs):
  3. 冠词(Articles): Papa Rabbit is a rabbit.
  4. 代词(Pronouns): I am a rabbit.
  5. 形容词(adjectives): I am a small rabbit.
  6. 数词(Numerals): I ate two carrots
  7. 副词(Adverbs): I ate two carrots quickly
  8. 介词(Prepositions): I ate two carrots with chopsticks
  9. 叹词(Interjections): Ah, the carrot is tasty!
  10. 连词(Conjunctions): I ate two carrots and a potato, because I was hungry.

句子成分(Clause Element)≠\neq词类(Parts of Speech)

谓语动词

时态=动作时间+动作状态

动作时间(Tense)

  • 现在
  • 过去
  • 将来
  • 过去将来（从过去某个时间点“算将来”）

动作状态(Aspect)

  • 一般
  • 完成
  • 进行
  • 完成进行

动作假设，情感(Mood)

  • 虚拟语气：If I were a rabbit…
  • 陈述语气：I ate a carrot and…
  • 祈使语气：Eat this carrot and…

助动词

例如：eat 吃

协助场景 需要加什么 结果
吃过了 have have eaten
正在吃 be is eating
被吃 be is eaten
有能力吃 can can eat
有可能吃 might might eat
有义务吃 must must eat
不吃（否定） do do not eat

非谓语动词

动词不定式

To eat or not to eat?

现在分词

Eating everything, I survived.

Eating carrots is healthy.

动名词

Eating carrots is healthy.

过去分词

This is a half-eaten carrot.